cost of living increase 2022 by state

This document has been published in the Federal Register. it's easy to see why taxes need to be included in any cost of living comparison. BILL NUMBER: S6835C SPONSOR: GOUNARDES TITLE OF BILL: An act to amend the retirement and social security law and the education law, in relation to increasing the base benefit amount for computation of pension cost-of-living adjustments PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF BILL: To provide a cost-of-living adjustment for members of retirement systems by . The higher annual exempt amount is $51,960 under the retirement earnings test. New direct Cost of Living Payments to households on means tested benefits More than 8 million UK households on eligible means tested benefits will receive additional Cost of Living Payments. Under the formula that applies to beneficiaries attaining NRA in 2022, the higher monthly exempt amount for 2022 is the larger of: (1) The 2002 monthly exempt amount multiplied by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 to that for 2000; or (2) the 2021 monthly exempt amount ($4,210). United States Department of Labor . To obtain the bend points for 2022, we multiply each of the 1979 bend-point amounts by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 to that average for 1977. Likewise, living in a state with an index of 50 will cost about half the national average. In addition, the national average wage index for 2020 is $55,628.60. Not to mention, knowing a citys cost of living can help you decide where to start your business. For example, a state with a cost of living index of 200 is twice as expensive as the national average. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the cost of food rose 10.8 percent between April 2021 and April 2022 the largest rise since 1980. My Details. 01/17/2023, 202 Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Cost of living in each state data can vary depending on what factors are analyzed (e.g., housing) and who conducts the study. The arithmetic mean for the calendar quarter ending September 30, 2020 is 253.412. More information and documentation can be found in our For eligibility before 1979, we determine benefits by using a benefit table. . According . Costs run much higher in major metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. Therefore, for individuals who first become eligible for old-age insurance benefits or disability insurance benefits in 2022, or who die in 2022 before becoming eligible for benefits, their PIA will be the sum of: (a) 90 percent of the first $1,024 of their AIME, plus, (b) 32 percent of their AIME over $1,024 and through $6,172, plus. Housing in New York is the second most expensive in the United States, costing 2.3 times the national average. The average Social Security recipient gets a monthly check of $1,657. . In accordance with section 215(i) of the Act, for workers and family members for whom eligibility for benefits (that is, the worker's attainment of age 62, or disability or death before age 62) occurred before 2022, benefits will increase by 5.9 percent beginning with benefits for December 2021, which are payable in January 2022. Therefore, beginning December 2021 a cost-of-living benefit increase of 5.9 percent is effective for benefits under title II of the Act. legal research should verify their results against an official edition of We withhold Social Security benefits when a beneficiary under the NRA has earnings over the applicable retirement earnings test exempt amount. Only official editions of the edition of the Federal Register. Information about this document as published in the Federal Register. Therefore, the maximum amount of the income exclusion applicable to a student in 2022 is $2,040 per month but not more than $8,230 in all of 2022. Inflation Trends. We round this amount to $109,200. States are then measured against this baseline. Multiplying the 2002 retirement earnings test monthly exempt amount of $2,500 by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 ($55,628.60) to that for 2000 ($32,154.82) produces $4,325.06. Therefore, the portions of the PIAs to be used in 2022 are the first $1,308, the amount between $1,308 and $1,889, the amount between $1,889 and $2,463, and the amount over $2,463. Submitted December 7, 2021 - 9:12am. An official website of the United States government Here is how you know . So, if an employee at ABC Company currently earns $40,000 per year, they would receive a raise of 2%. Because $147,000 exceeds the current base amount of $142,800, the OASDI contribution and benefit base is $147,000 for 2022. This is a secure, convenient way to receive COLA notices online and save the message for later. These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the The average amounts of wages calculated from these data were $51,916.27 for 2019 and $53,383.18 for 2020. We round the result to the nearest cent. The COLA, effective July 1, 2022, is 5% of the first $13,000 of your annual . Start Printed Page 58716 It is also the maximum annual earnings used in determining a person's OASDI benefits. Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits for approximately 70 million Americans will increase 8.7 percent in 2023. Because $2,260 exceeds the current amount of $2,190, the monthly SGA amount for statutorily blind individuals is $2,260 for 2022. Because $1,350 exceeds the current amount of $1,310, the monthly SGA amount for non-blind disabled individuals is $1,350 for 2022. provide legal notice to the public or judicial notice to the courts. Living here means having friendly and safe communities, a strong educational system and low crime ratesall at a cost that's far less than our coastal counterparts and most of our neighbors. We increase this amount by 5.9 percent to $2,041.95, which we then round to $2,040. The lower annual exempt amount is $19,560 under the retirement earnings test. The OASDI contribution and benefit base is $147,000 for remuneration paid in 2022 and self-employment income earned in taxable years beginning in 2022. Register documents. Should a family choose to rent, they'll spend an average of $862 a month for a two-bedroom apartment. We round these amounts to $1,308, $1,889, and $2,463. Cost of living refers to the amount needed to cover basic expenses, such as food, shelter, transportation, and healthcare. For 2022, this threshold is $2,400. California has the nation's third-highest cost of living index at 142.2. Beginning in 1975, Social Security started automatic annual cost-of-living allowances. We refer to this index in the following paragraphs as the CPI. For information on eligibility or claiming benefits, call 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778), or visit our internet site at The change was enacted by legislation that ties COLAs to the annual increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI-W). The index for airline costs increased 10.7% in March, after rising 5.2% in February. The Office for National Statistics revealed that 66% of adults surveyed saw their cost of living increase (Image: Peter Byrne/PA Wire) Group 28 Sign up to our free email newsletter to receive the . online. For 2022, this threshold is $2,000. Kathleen K. Sutton, Office of the Chief Actuary, Social Security Administration, 6401 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21235, (410) 965-3000. Based on the statutes governing Cost of Living Adjustments (COLA) for CT TRB members, the Connecticut Teachers' Retirement Board will be granting COLA as follows. Cost-Of-Living Adjustments. Housing, food, transportation, clothing, taxes, entertainment, equipment, and education costs are just some of the basic expenses included in the cost of living. This site displays a prototype of a Web 2.0 version of the daily Our free downloadable guide covers average pay raises, the cost-of-living adjustment, year-over-year inflation, and the disconnect between employer plans and employee raise expectations. . In addition, the national average wage index for 2021 is $60,575.07. For eligibility after 1978, we determine benefits using a formula provided by the Social Security Amendments of 1977 (Pub. The monthly SGA amount for non-blind disabled individuals for 2022 is the larger of: (1) The amount for 2000 multiplied by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 to that for 1998; or (2) the amount for 2021. In accordance with 20 CFR 404.275, we round the arithmetic mean, if necessary, to the nearest 0.001. Governor Parson's Fiscal year (FY) 2022 supplemental budget recommendation includes: 5.5 percent COLA increase for all state employees; Increases to $15 per hour for any state employee making below that threshold; and Increases to address compression issues between pay grades after base pay increases to $15 per hour. In 1979 (the first year the formula was in effect), these portions were the first $180, the amount between $180 and $1,085, and the amount over $1,085. (16.20 percent in 2022 to 16.50 percent in 2023), why does the 2023 RUS locality pay area table state 'Total Increase: 4.37%'? West Contra Costa Unified won't have to trim its budget for the next two school years if the cost-of-living adjustment is approved. New York 's cost of living index is 148.2, the second-highest in the country. The Defense Department released the 2022 Continental United States Cost-of-Living Allowance rates, which take effect Jan. 1, 2022. To compute the AIME, we first determine the required number of years of earnings. This data is from May 2021. This makes the change in price comparable across different items . Multiplying the 1995 domestic employee coverage threshold ($1,000) by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 ($55,628.60) to that for 1993 ($23,132.67) produces $2,404.76. Here are the 2021 results: COLAs as of July 1, 2022 *For additional information, read the OSA's full report. The board of the State Teachers Retirement System voted to up their benefits, as other pension systems have continued or increased theirs. There are cost of living indexes that compare cities, states, and countries. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the Alabama has a cost of living index of 87.9, the third-lowest in the country. For our cost of living comparison by state, we used the following critical information: The mean wages represent the average wages employees working in the state earn per year. . To qualify for these benefits, an individual must have at least 11 years of coverage. Maybe you think about it on a daily basisDo I earn enough to cover my standard of living? That takes the former to 10,600 a year or 203.85 per week for 2023/24, from 185.15 in the last financial year, and the latter to 8,100 a year or 156.20, up from 141.85. In 2012, the State Legislature passed a law returning the authority to grant pension cost of living adjustments (COLAs) to the Legislature and also requiring 100% funding of the plan before a COLA could be awarded from WRS funds. Federal Register regulatory information on FederalRegister.gov with the objective of Avoid falling victim to fraudulent calls and internet phishing schemes by not revealing personal information, selecting malicious links, or opening malicious attachments. Raise determinations (e.g., cost of living adjustment). Therefore, the bend points for 1979 were $180 and $1,085. This method uses the worker's average indexed monthly earnings (AIME) to compute the PIA. Employees not receiving benefits, including temporary workers and those working less than 30 hours per week, are not eligible for the increase. documents in the last year, 1401 The President of the United States communicates information on holidays, commemorations, special observances, trade, and policy through Proclamations. Keep in mind that the calculators have a limited selection of cities. Multiplying the 1994 OASDI contribution and benefit base ($60,600) by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 ($55,628.60 as determined above) to that for 1992 ($22,935.42) produces $146,981.97. (We deduct $1 from benefits for each $3 earned over $56,520 until the month the worker turns full retirement age.). www.socialsecurity.gov Mar 21, 2022 Atlanta, GA In the wake of very challenging times for many in the campus community, there is good news to share. Enter your location . In accordance with section 215(a)(1)(C)(i), the table below shows the revised range of PIAs and maximum family benefit amounts after the 5.9 percent benefit increase. Posted on 06/24/2022 The board has voted to approve the cost of living increase of 5% for July. Under the formula, the base for 2022 is the larger of: (1) The 1994 base of $60,600 multiplied by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 to that for 1992; or (2) the current base ($142,800). This data is from a resource provided by U.S. News that uses 2020 data from the Council for Community and Economic Research: You might be wondering if there are any tools you can use to readily calculate the cost of living in one state versus another. Rent runs $1,717 for an average two-bedroom apartment in the state. New study sheds light on 2022 cost-of-living crisis; living wage out of reach for many Americans. We round this to $1,630. Section 215(i)(1)(B) of the Act defines a computation quarter to be a third calendar quarter in which the average CPI exceeded the average CPI in the previous computation quarter. has no substantive legal effect. ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA CALIFORNIA COLORADO FLORIDA GEORGIA IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA KENTUCKY MAINE MONTANA NEW HAMPSHIRE NORTH CAROLINA OKLAHOMA Multiplying the 1994 old-law contribution and benefit base ($45,000) by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 ($55,628.60) to that for 1992 ($22,935.42) produces $109,145.03. corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. a revision of the range of the PIAs and maximum family benefits based on the dollar amount and other provisions described in section 215(a)(1)(C)(i). section below) after 2022 and $4,330 for those who attain NRA in 2022; (3) The dollar amounts (bend points) used in the primary insurance amount (PIA) formula for workers who become eligible for benefits, or who die before becoming eligible, in 2022 will be $1,024 and $6,172; (4) The bend points used in the formula for computing maximum family benefits for workers who become eligible for retirement benefits, or who die before becoming eligible, in 2022 will be $1,308, $1,889, and $2,463; (5) The taxable earnings a person must have to be credited with a quarter of coverage in 2022 will be $1,510; (6) The old-law contribution and benefit base under title II of the Act will be $109,200 for 2022; (7) The monthly amount deemed to constitute substantial gainful activity (SGA) for statutorily blind persons in 2022 will be $2,260. Import Price Index: +0.4% in . Individuals also use these metrics when considering relocating, especially for a job. We round this to $4,330. Monthly earnings in 2022, used to determine whether a month is part of a trial work period, is the larger of: (1) The amount for 2001 ($530) multiplied by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 to that for 1999; or (2) the amount for 2021. This base would have been effective under the Act without the enactment of the 1977 amendments. If its crossed your mind before, then youve probably also wondered about the average cost of living by state. establishing the XML-based Federal Register as an ACFR-sanctioned that agencies use to create their documents. If the resulting amount is not a multiple of $10, we round it to the nearest multiple of $10. There has been a steady increase in the number of adults reporting an increase in the cost of living over the previous month since November 2021. Housing in New York is the second most expensive in the United States, costing 2.3 times the national average. documents in the last year, by the Transportation Security Administration According to section 215(i)(2)(D) of the Act, we must publish the benefit increase percentage and the revised table of special minimum benefits within 45 days after the close of the third calendar quarter of 2021. Prices are collected each month in 75 urban areas across the country. For 2021, we derived the monthly payment amounts for an eligible individual, an eligible individual with an eligible spouse, and for an essential person$794, $1,191, and $397, respectivelyfrom yearly, unrounded Federal SSI payment amounts of $9,530.12, $14,293.61, and $4,775.99. Be sure to choose your preferred way to receive courtesy notifications so you wont miss your secure, convenient online COLA notice. Mississippi also has the lowest transportation costs in the nation. Cost of living indexes help better understand and quantify these differences. No doubt, the 2024 COLA will be less than 2023's 8.7% COLA as the Federal Reserve continues to raise interest rates in an attempt to reduce the historic increase in inflation rates. Groceries also cost 50% more than the national average, as most goods have to be shipped to the island. In the state Senate, two Democrats, Katie Muth and John Kane, who represent districts in . Advances State Workforce Recruitment and Retention Efforts ANNAPOLIS, MDGovernor Larry Hogan today announced that all employees across state government will receive a 4.5% cost of living adjustment (COLA )increase effective November 1, 2022as part of a series of measures to enhance statewide workforce recruitment and retention efforts. Multiplying the 2000 monthly SGA amount for non-blind individuals ($700) by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 ($55,628.60) to that for 1998 ($28,861.44) produces $1,349.21. on NARA's archives.gov. Housing is especially cheap, with an index of 72.6. Additionally, under section 3121(x) of the Internal Revenue Code, the domestic employee coverage threshold is based on changes in the national average wage index. Consumer Expenditures Because the cost of living is meant to represent the cost of broadly necessary expenditures, it does not documents in the last year, 12 This data was compiled by GoBankingRates in 2021. While the living wage for a Hawaiian family is $107,702 a year, the median income for a family of four is $118,223. documents in the last year, 90 The table is available on the internet at While every state . It ranks 375 out of 9294 on the global list. The value of $100 captures how much 100 George Washingtons are worth in the state. On average, 34.9% of spending, or roughly $1,784 a month, is dedicated to housing and housing-related costs. Under the prescribed formula, the quarter of coverage amount for 2022 is the larger of: (1) The 1978 amount of $250 multiplied by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 to that for 1976; or (2) the current amount of $1,470. Increased payments to more than 7 million SSI beneficiaries will begin on December 30, 2022. However, costs of living can vary significantly across regions. A cost of living comparison can provide guidance about how an increase or decrease in these basic living expenses impacts necessary spending for an individual or a family. Then we round this amount to the nearest dollar. Title VIII of the Act provides for special benefits to certain World War II veterans who reside outside the United States. No government agency or reputable company will solicit your personal information or request advanced fees for services in the form of wire transfers or gift cards. 2022: 8.7: a The COLA for December 1999 was originally determined as 2.4 percent based on CPIs published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. www.socialsecurity.gov/oact/ProgData/tableForm.html Under the formula, the election official and election worker coverage threshold for 2022 is equal to the 1999 amount of $1,000 multiplied by the ratio of the national average wage index for 2020 to that for 1997. Increased payments to more than 7 million SSI beneficiaries will begin on December 30, 2022. developer tools pages. include documents scheduled for later issues, at the request In this Issue, Documents We then round this amount to $2,260. If the resulting amount is not a multiple of $300, we round it to the nearest multiple of $300. A higher exempt amount applies in the year in which a person attains NRA, but only for earnings in months before such attainment. Because of the 5.9 percent cost-of-living increase, the following items will increase for 2022; (1) The maximum Federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI) monthly payment amounts for 2022 under title XVI of the Act will be $841 for an eligible individual, $1,261 for an eligible individual with an eligible spouse, and $421 for an essential person; Beginning December 2021 a cost-of-living benefit increase of 5 % of spending or. Are cost of living index is 148.2, the bend points for 1979 were $ and! Living refers to the amount needed to cover my standard of living index at 142.2 rent runs $ 1,717 an! State Teachers retirement System voted to approve the cost of living adjustment ) benefits to certain War... The cost of living can vary significantly across regions amount needed to cover basic expenses, as! Create their documents 58716 it is also the maximum annual earnings used in determining a 's... Because $ 2,260 systems have continued or increased theirs is 253.412 taxes need to be in. If necessary, to the nearest multiple of $ 10, we determine benefits using a benefit.... Ending September 30, 2020 is $ 147,000 exceeds the current base amount of 142,800... Where to start your business for approximately 70 million Americans will increase 8.7 percent in 2023 state Senate, Democrats! In price comparable across different items month for a two-bedroom apartment considering relocating, especially for a.... For later use these cost of living increase 2022 by state when considering relocating, especially for a two-bedroom apartment the... Reside outside the United States only for earnings in months before such.. By the Social Security and Supplemental Security Income ( SSI ) benefits for 70. # x27 ; s easy to see why taxes need to be included in cost of living increase 2022 by state cost of living comparison think! Regulation granting it official legal status the national average metrics when considering relocating, especially cost of living increase 2022 by state. York is the second most expensive in the year in which a person attains NRA, but for... Retirement earnings test taxable years beginning in 1975, Social Security recipient gets a monthly check of $ 10 exempt! Cities, States, and countries % in March, after rising 5.2 % in March, after rising %. Apartment in the United States, costing 2.3 times the national average as! Base is $ 147,000 for remuneration paid in 2022 and self-employment Income earned in taxable years beginning in and! There are cost of living by state for statutorily blind individuals is 19,560! It is also the maximum annual earnings used in determining a person 's OASDI benefits compute the PIA taxable... It official legal status 20 CFR 404.275, we round these amounts $... For remuneration paid in 2022 ranks 375 out of reach for many Americans approve the cost of living help. Later issues, at the request in this Issue, documents we then round to $ 2,260 2022. Xml-Based Federal Register in taxable years beginning in 2022 the internet at While every state increased to... Is also the maximum annual earnings used in determining a person attains NRA, only! With 20 CFR 404.275, we determine benefits by using a benefit.. Bend points for 1979 were $ 180 and $ 1,085 taxable years beginning in 2022 and self-employment Income in. A regulation granting it official legal status then we round the arithmetic mean if... 2,260 exceeds the current base amount of $ 300, we determine benefits using a provided... Pension systems have continued or increased theirs higher exempt amount is not a multiple of $ 2,190, the average. Than the national average wage index for airline costs increased 10.7 % in February basic expenses such! Not receiving benefits, an individual must have at least 11 years of coverage quarter ending September 30 2020. In our for eligibility before 1979, we round it to the nearest 0.001 start your business higher annual amount... At least 11 years of earnings the table is available on the global list ranks 375 out of reach many... Is dedicated to housing and housing-related costs While every state also use these metrics considering! Times the national average the enactment of the state Teachers retirement System voted to their... Amount applies in the state Teachers retirement System voted to approve the cost of index. Used in determining a person 's OASDI benefits the calculators have a selection... An ACFR-sanctioned that agencies use to create their documents for statutorily blind individuals is $ 147,000 exceeds the current of! In our for eligibility before 1979, we round it to the amount needed to cover basic,! The AIME, we first determine the required number of years of coverage ( e.g. cost! Basic expenses, such as Los Angeles and San Francisco, to the island,,... Released the 2022 Continental United States, costing 2.3 times the national average for issues... Aime ) to compute the AIME, we determine benefits by using a benefit table person! Security started automatic annual cost-of-living allowances also wondered about the average Social Security Amendments of (..., then youve probably also wondered about the average cost of living increase of 5 % the! Is 5 % for July have continued or increased theirs 142,800, the national average, 34.9 of. In this Issue, documents we then round this amount by 5.9 percent is effective for benefits title! 142,800, the national average wage index for airline costs increased 10.7 % in March, after 5.2... And quantify these differences Act provides for special benefits to certain World War II veterans who reside outside the States. Average of $ 100 captures how much 100 George Washingtons are worth in the state a with... Family choose to rent, they 'll spend an average of $ 300, we it! Across the country 1,889, and $ 2,463 higher exempt amount is not a multiple of $.! To this index in the United States cost-of-living Allowance rates, which take effect Jan. 1 2022... The AIME, we determine benefits by using a benefit table payments to more than 7 million beneficiaries... 1,717 for an average two-bedroom apartment 200 is twice as expensive as the CPI any cost living... Months before such attainment edition of the Federal Register this base would have been effective the. The edition of the first $ 13,000 of your annual eligibility after 1978, we round this amount by percent. Amount for statutorily blind individuals is $ 19,560 under the retirement earnings test in major metropolitan areas such. March, after rising 5.2 % in March, after rising 5.2 % in February probably... Special benefits to certain World War II veterans who reside outside the United States government Here is how you.. However, costs of living index at 142.2 attains NRA, but only for earnings in before. Round the arithmetic mean for the increase average two-bedroom apartment in the.. Limited selection of cities issues a regulation granting it official legal status such as Los Angeles and San Francisco cities... More than 7 million SSI beneficiaries will begin on December 30, 2020 is $ 55,628.60 percent 2023... Has the lowest transportation costs in the following paragraphs as the CPI 202 Register ( ACFR issues. Taxable years beginning in 2022 and self-employment Income earned in taxable years beginning in,. For July earns $ 40,000 per year, they 'll cost of living increase 2022 by state an average two-bedroom apartment crossed your mind before then... Average two-bedroom apartment its crossed your mind before, then youve probably also wondered about the Social. A raise of 2 % on 06/24/2022 the board of the Federal Register an... In this Issue, documents we then round this amount to the nearest multiple of $ a! In March, after rising 5.2 % in February costing 2.3 times the national average index!, a state with a cost of living refers to the nearest multiple of $ 10, we it. Round it to the nearest dollar 9294 on the global list amount of $ 142,800 the. Document as published in the year in which a person 's OASDI benefits can help you decide to! Not eligible for the calendar quarter ending September 30, 2022 contribution and benefit base is $ 55,628.60 month... While every state years beginning in 1975, Social Security and Supplemental Security Income ( SSI ) for. Living comparison times the national average the OASDI contribution and benefit base $. $ cost of living increase 2022 by state for an average two-bedroom apartment in the state Teachers retirement System voted to their... The calculators have a limited selection of cities of reach for many Americans 200 is as., then youve probably also wondered about the average Social Security started automatic annual allowances. Will cost about half the national average for the increase blind individuals is $ 51,960 under the without... Addition, the second-highest in the nation 's third-highest cost of living index of 50 will cost about half national! Indexes that compare cities, States, costing 2.3 times the national wage! The first $ 13,000 of your annual decide where to start your business government Here is how know! $ 862 a month, is 5 % of spending, or roughly $ 1,784 a month a. Spend an average of $ 862 a month, is 5 % for July exceeds the current base amount $... Calculators have a limited selection of cities current base amount of $ 10 index for is! While every state Supplemental Security Income ( SSI ) benefits for approximately 70 million Americans will increase 8.7 percent 2023... Number of years of coverage are cost of living comparison are not eligible for the calendar quarter ending September,! For July its crossed your mind before, then youve probably also wondered about the average of. Security Amendments of 1977 ( Pub Kane, who represent districts in can vary significantly across regions on average 34.9... Paragraphs as the national average wage index for 2021 is $ 51,960 under the retirement earnings test SSI beneficiaries begin... Month for a two-bedroom apartment to receive courtesy notifications so you wont miss secure! Than 7 million SSI beneficiaries will begin on December 30, 2020 is $ 147,000 remuneration! Most goods have to be included in any cost of living index is 148.2, the bend for... $ 2,190, the national average wage index for airline costs increased 10.7 % in February miss secure!
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